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Changes between Version 3 and Version 4 of TracStandalone

Timestamp:: Feb 17, 2020, 12:08:01 PM (5 years ago)
Author:: trac
Comment:: —

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TracStandalone

-              v3
+              v4
 = Tracd =
+= Tracd
 Tracd is a lightweight standalone Trac web server.
 It can be used in a variety of situations, from a test or development server to a multiprocess setup behind another web server used as a load balancer.
 == Pros ==
+== Pros
  * Fewer dependencies: You don't need to install apache or any other web-server.
 …
  * Automatic reloading: For development, Tracd can be used in ''auto_reload'' mode, which will automatically restart the server whenever you make a change to the code (in Trac itself or in a plugin).
 == Cons ==
+== Cons
  * Fewer features: Tracd implements a very simple web-server and is not as configurable or as scalable as Apache httpd.
 …
    or [trac:wiki:STunnelTracd stunnel -- a tutorial on how to use stunnel with tracd] or Apache with mod_proxy.
 == Usage examples ==
+== Usage examples
 A single project on port 8080. (http://localhost:8080/)
 {{{
+{{{#!sh
  $ tracd -p 8080 /path/to/project
 }}}
 Strictly speaking this will make your Trac accessible to everybody from your network rather than ''localhost only''. To truly limit it use ''--hostname'' option.
 {{{
+Strictly speaking this will make your Trac accessible to everybody from your network rather than ''localhost only''. To truly limit it use the `--hostname` option.
+{{{#!sh
  $ tracd --hostname=localhost -p 8080 /path/to/project
 }}}
 With more than one project. (http://localhost:8080/project1/ and http://localhost:8080/project2/)
 {{{
+{{{#!sh
  $ tracd -p 8080 /path/to/project1 /path/to/project2
 }}}
 …
 An alternative way to serve multiple projects is to specify a parent directory in which each subdirectory is a Trac project, using the `-e` option. The example above could be rewritten:
 {{{
+{{{#!sh
  $ tracd -p 8080 -e /path/to
 }}}
 To exit the server on Windows, be sure to use {{{CTRL-BREAK}}} -- using {{{CTRL-C}}} will leave a Python process running in the background.
 == Installing as a Windows Service ==
 === Option 1 ===
+To exit the server on Windows, be sure to use `CTRL-BREAK` -- using `CTRL-C` will leave a Python process running in the background.
+== Installing as a Windows Service
+=== Option 1
 To install as a Windows service, get the [http://www.google.com/search?q=srvany.exe SRVANY] utility and run:
 {{{
+{{{#!cmd
  C:\path\to\instsrv.exe tracd C:\path\to\srvany.exe
  reg add HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\tracd\Parameters /v Application /d "\"C:\path\to\python.exe\" \"C:\path\to\python\scripts\tracd-script.py\" <your tracd parameters>"
 …
 If you want tracd to start automatically when you boot Windows, do:
 {{{
+{{{#!cmd
  sc config tracd start= auto
 }}}
 …
 For Windows 7 User, srvany.exe may not be an option, so you can use [http://www.google.com/search?q=winserv.exe WINSERV] utility and run:
 {{{
+{{{#!cmd
 "C:\path\to\winserv.exe" install tracd -displayname "tracd" -start auto "C:\path\to\python.exe" c:\path\to\python\scripts\tracd-script.py <your tracd parameters>"
 net start tracd
 }}}
 === Option 2 ===
+=== Option 2
 Use [http://trac-hacks.org/wiki/WindowsServiceScript WindowsServiceScript], available at [http://trac-hacks.org/ Trac Hacks]. Installs, removes, starts, stops, etc. your Trac service.
 === Option 3 ===
+=== Option 3
 also cygwin's cygrunsrv.exe can be used:
 {{{
+{{{#!sh
 $ cygrunsrv --install tracd --path /cygdrive/c/Python27/Scripts/tracd.exe --args '--port 8000 --env-parent-dir E:\IssueTrackers\Trac\Projects'
 $ net start tracd
 }}}
+== Using Authentication ==
+Tracd allows you to run Trac without the need for Apache, but you can take advantage of Apache's password tools (htpasswd and htdigest) to easily create a password file in the proper format for tracd to use in authentication. (It is also possible to create the password file without htpasswd or htdigest; see below for alternatives)
+Make sure you place the generated password files on a filesystem which supports sub-second timestamps, as Trac will monitor their modified time and changes happening on a filesystem with too coarse-grained timestamp resolution (like `ext2` or `ext3` on Linux) may go undetected.
+== Using Authentication
+Tracd allows you to run Trac without the need for Apache, but you can take advantage of Apache's password tools (`htpasswd` and `htdigest`) to easily create a password file in the proper format for tracd to use in authentication. (It is also possible to create the password file without `htpasswd` or `htdigest`; see below for alternatives)
+{{{#!div style="border: 1pt dotted; margin: 1em"
+**Attention:** Make sure you place the generated password files on a filesystem which supports sub-second timestamps, as Trac will monitor their modified time and changes happening on a filesystem with too coarse-grained timestamp resolution (like `ext2` or `ext3` on Linux, or HFS+ on OSX).
+}}}
 Tracd provides support for both Basic and Digest authentication. Digest is considered more secure. The examples below use Digest; to use Basic authentication, replace `--auth` with `--basic-auth` in the command line.
 The general format for using authentication is:
 {{{
+{{{#!sh
  $ tracd -p port --auth="base_project_dir,password_file_path,realm" project_path
 }}}
 …
 Examples:
 {{{
+{{{#!sh
  $ tracd -p 8080 \
    --auth="project1,/path/to/passwordfile,mycompany.com" /path/to/project1
 …
 Of course, the password file can be be shared so that it is used for more than one project:
 {{{
+{{{#!sh
  $ tracd -p 8080 \
    --auth="project1,/path/to/passwordfile,mycompany.com" \
 …
 Another way to share the password file is to specify "*" for the project name:
 {{{
+{{{#!sh
  $ tracd -p 8080 \
    --auth="*,/path/to/users.htdigest,mycompany.com" \
 …
 }}}
 === Basic Authorization: Using a htpasswd password file ===
+=== Basic Authorization: Using a htpasswd password file
 This section describes how to use `tracd` with Apache .htpasswd files.
   Note: It is necessary (at least with Python 2.6) to install the fcrypt package in order to
   decode some htpasswd formats.  Trac source code attempt an `import crypt` first, but there
   is no such package for Python 2.6. Only `SHA-1` passwords (since Trac 1.0) work without this module.
+  Note: On Windows It is necessary to install the [https://pypi.python.org/pypi/passlib passlib]
+  package in order to decode some htpasswd formats. Only `SHA-1` passwords (since Trac 1.0)
+  work without this module.
 To create a .htpasswd file use Apache's `htpasswd` command (see [#GeneratingPasswordsWithoutApache below] for a method to create these files without using Apache):
 {{{
+{{{#!sh
  $ sudo htpasswd -c /path/to/env/.htpasswd username
 }}}
 then for additional users:
 {{{
+{{{#!sh
  $ sudo htpasswd /path/to/env/.htpasswd username2
 }}}
 Then to start `tracd` run something like this:
 {{{
  $ tracd -p 8080 --basic-auth="projectdirname,/fullpath/environmentname/.htpasswd,realmname" /fullpath/environmentname
+{{{#!sh
+ $ tracd -p 8080 --basic-auth="project,/fullpath/environmentname/.htpasswd,realmname" /path/to/project
 }}}
 For example:
 {{{
  $ tracd -p 8080 --basic-auth="testenv,/srv/tracenv/testenv/.htpasswd,My Test Env" /srv/tracenv/testenv
+{{{#!sh
+ $ tracd -p 8080 --basic-auth="project,/srv/tracenv/testenv/.htpasswd,My Test Env" /path/to/project
 }}}
 ''Note:'' You might need to pass "-m" as a parameter to htpasswd on some platforms (OpenBSD).
 === Digest authentication: Using a htdigest password file ===
+=== Digest authentication: Using a htdigest password file
 If you have Apache available, you can use the htdigest command to generate the password file. Type 'htdigest' to get some usage instructions, or read [http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/programs/htdigest.html this page] from the Apache manual to get precise instructions.  You'll be prompted for a password to enter for each user that you create.  For the name of the password file, you can use whatever you like, but if you use something like `users.htdigest` it will remind you what the file contains. As a suggestion, put it in your <projectname>/conf folder along with the [TracIni trac.ini] file.
 …
 Note that you can start tracd without the `--auth` argument, but if you click on the ''Login'' link you will get an error.
+=== Generating Passwords Without Apache ===
+Basic Authorization can be accomplished via this [http://aspirine.org/htpasswd_en.html online HTTP Password generator] which also supports `SHA-1`.  Copy the generated password-hash line to the .htpasswd file on your system. Note that Windows Python lacks the "crypt" module that is the default hash type for htpasswd ; Windows Python can grok MD5 password hashes just fine and you should use MD5.
+You can use this simple Python script to generate a '''digest''' password file:
+{{{
+#!python
+from optparse import OptionParser
+# The md5 module is deprecated in Python 2.5
+try:
+    from hashlib import md5
+except ImportError:
+    from md5 import md5
+realm = 'trac'
+# build the options
+usage = "usage: %prog [options]"
+parser = OptionParser(usage=usage)
+parser.add_option("-u", "--username",action="store", dest="username", type = "string",
+                  help="the username for whom to generate a password")
+parser.add_option("-p", "--password",action="store", dest="password", type = "string",
+                  help="the password to use")
+parser.add_option("-r", "--realm",action="store", dest="realm", type = "string",
+                  help="the realm in which to create the digest")
+(options, args) = parser.parse_args()
+# check options
+if (options.username is None) or (options.password is None):
+   parser.error("You must supply both the username and password")
+if (options.realm is not None):
+   realm = options.realm
+# Generate the string to enter into the htdigest file
+kd = lambda x: md5(':'.join(x)).hexdigest()
+print ':'.join((options.username, realm, kd([options.username, realm, options.password])))
+}}}
+Note: If you use the above script you must set the realm in the `--auth` argument to '''`trac`'''. Example usage (assuming you saved the script as trac-digest.py):
+{{{
+ $ python trac-digest.py -u username -p password >> c:\digest.txt
+ $ tracd --port 8000 --auth=proj_name,c:\digest.txt,trac c:\path\to\proj_name
+=== Generating Passwords Without Apache
+Basic Authorization can be accomplished via this [http://aspirine.org/htpasswd_en.html online HTTP Password generator] which also supports `SHA-1`.  Copy the generated password-hash line to the .htpasswd file on your system. Note that Windows Python lacks the "crypt" module that is the default hash type for htpasswd. Windows Python can grok MD5 password hashes just fine and you should use MD5.
+Trac also provides `htpasswd` and `htdigest` scripts in `contrib`:
+{{{#!sh
+$ ./contrib/htpasswd.py -cb htpasswd user1 user1
+$ ./contrib/htpasswd.py -b htpasswd user2 user2
+}}}
+{{{#!sh
+$ ./contrib/htdigest.py -cb htdigest trac user1 user1
+$ ./contrib/htdigest.py -b htdigest trac user2 user2
 }}}
 ==== Using `md5sum`
 It is possible to use `md5sum` utility to generate digest-password file:
 {{{
+{{{#!sh
 user=
 realm=
 …
 }}}
 == Reference ==
+== Reference
 Here's the online help, as a reminder (`tracd --help`):
 …
 Use the -d option so that tracd doesn't hang if you close the terminal window where tracd was started.
 == Tips ==
 === Serving static content ===
+== Tips
+=== Serving static content
 If `tracd` is the only web server used for the project,
 …
 Example: given a `$TRAC_ENV/htdocs/software-0.1.tar.gz` file,
 the corresponding relative URL would be `/<project_name>/chrome/site/software-0.1.tar.gz`,
+which in turn can be written as `htdocs:software-0.1.tar.gz` (TracLinks syntax) or `[/<project_name>/chrome/site/software-0.1.tar.gz]` (relative link syntax).
+ ''Support for `htdocs:` TracLinks syntax was added in version 0.10''
+which in turn can be written as `htdocs:software-0.1.tar.gz` (TracLinks syntax) or `[/<project_name>/chrome/site/software-0.1.tar.gz]` (relative link syntax).
 === Using tracd behind a proxy
 …
 === Authentication for tracd behind a proxy
 It is convenient to provide central external authentication to your tracd instances, instead of using {{{--basic-auth}}}. There is some discussion about this in #9206.
+It is convenient to provide central external authentication to your tracd instances, instead of using `--basic-auth`. There is some discussion about this in [trac:#9206].
 Below is example configuration based on Apache 2.2, mod_proxy, mod_authnz_ldap.
 …
 First we bring tracd into Apache's location namespace.
 {{{
+{{{#!apache
 <Location /project/proxified>
         Require ldap-group cn=somegroup, ou=Groups,dc=domain.com
 …
 Then we need a single file plugin to recognize HTTP_REMOTE_USER header as valid authentication source. HTTP headers like '''HTTP_FOO_BAR''' will get converted to '''Foo-Bar''' during processing. Name it something like '''remote-user-auth.py''' and drop it into '''proxified/plugins''' directory:
+{{{
+#!python
+{{{#!python
 from trac.core import *
 from trac.config import BoolOption
 …
 Add this new parameter to your TracIni:
+{{{
+...
+{{{#!ini
 [trac]
 ...
 …
 Run tracd:
 {{{
 tracd -p 8101 -r -s proxified --base-path=/project/proxified
+{{{#!sh
+tracd -p 8101 -s proxified --base-path=/project/proxified
 }}}
 …
 Global config (e.g. `/srv/trac/conf/trac.ini`):
 {{{
+{{{#!ini
 [components]
 remote-user-auth.* = enabled
 …
 Environment config (e.g. `/srv/trac/envs/myenv`):
 {{{
+{{{#!ini
 [inherit]
 file = /srv/trac/conf/trac.ini
 }}}
 === Serving a different base path than / ===
+=== Serving a different base path than /
 Tracd supports serving projects with different base urls than /<project>. The parameter name to change this is
 {{{
+{{{#!sh
  $ tracd --base-path=/some/path
 }}}